HQ Team
October 7, 2024: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disease that causes joint and bone inflammation, is affected by gut bacteria. Researchers have been exploring the effects of the gut biome on the inflammation spike and a recent meta review of all the studies on the same has come up with some interesting insights.
Rheumatoid arthritis affects approximately 0.5% of the global population. Scientists are yet to arrive at what causes rheumatoid arthritis and believe that a lot of factors are at play. Genetics, environment and guts all may be contributing reasons.
The gut microbiome has both good and bad bacteria, and too much or too little of certain bacteria can disrupt the immune system — a phenomenon termed “dysbiosis.”
According to a 2020 review, “the presence of certain bacteria is associated with inflammatory molecules that may bring about inflammation in various body tissues.”
Role of gut bacteria in RA
Recent research has highlighted the significant role that gut bacteria, particularly Prevotella copri, play in the pathogenesis of RA. Elevated levels of this bacterium have been observed in early-stage RA patients, suggesting that its presence may serve as an early indicator of the disease.
The dysfunction of the immune system caused by P. copri can lead to joint damage and increased inflammation.
Another bacterium of interest is Collinsella, which has also been found in high levels among early-stage RA patients and is associated with systemic inflammation. Conversely, beneficial bacteria like Lactobacillus casei can help reduce inflammation, lower C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, a protein produced by the liver that indicates the level of inflammation in the body, and improve joint tenderness.
Dietary influences on gut microbiome and RA symptoms
Diet plays a crucial role in shaping the gut microbiome, influencing inflammation, and modulating the immune response. High-fiber diets have been shown to positively impact gut health by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria that produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). These SCFAs enhance intestinal barrier function and help regulate immune responses, potentially reducing RA symptoms.
Research indicates that individuals consuming low-fiber diets face a 25% increased prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis. In contrast, those who increase their fiber intake—through supplements or dietary changes—often report symptom relief within 28 days.
Recommended dietary changes for RA management
- Increase Fiber Intake: Aim for at least 38 grams of fiber daily for men and 25 grams for women. Foods rich in fiber include:
- Whole grains (oats, brown rice)
- Fruits and vegetables
- Beans and legumes
- Adopt the Mediterranean Diet: This diet emphasizes whole grains, healthy fats (like olive oil), fruits, vegetables, fish, and nuts. Studies have shown that adherence to this diet can reduce joint pain and improve overall health in RA patients.
- Limit Red Meat and Processed Foods: High consumption of red meat and processed foods has been linked to increased inflammation. Reducing these foods may help manage RA symptoms.
- Incorporate Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Foods rich in omega-3s, such as fatty fish (salmon, sardines), flaxseeds, and walnuts, can help lower inflammation.
- Avoid Sugary Drinks: High-fructose beverages have been associated with a higher risk of developing arthritis.
The meta analysis of previous studies can be found in Nutrients.
