HQ Team
November 29, 2023: The first human case of a new swine flu variant in the UK has been detected by the Health Security Agency during a polymerase chain reaction testing after the individual had respiratory illness.
The strain of influenza A(H1N2)v is similar to flu viruses currently circulating in pigs in the UK. “This is the first detection of this strain of flu in a human in the UK,” according to a UKHSA statement.
The UKHSA “is working closely with partners to determine the characteristics of the pathogen and assess the risk to human health.”
The case was detected as part of routine national flu surveillance undertaken by UKHSA and the Royal College of General Practitioners. The individual was tested by their general practitioner “after experiencing respiratory symptoms.”
After detection, the influenza A(H1N2)v virus was characterised using genome sequencing.
Fully recovered
The individual concerned experienced a mild illness and has fully recovered. The source of their infection has not yet been ascertained and remains under investigation, according to the statement.
Close contacts of the case are being followed up by UKHSA and partner organisations. “Any contacts will be offered testing as necessary and advised on any necessary further care if they have symptoms or test positive.”
Influenza A(H1) viruses are enzootic in swine populations in most regions of the world. When an influenza virus that normally circulates in swine is detected in a person, it is called a ‘variant influenza virus.’
H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 are major subtypes of swine influenza A viruses in pigs and occasionally infect humans, usually after direct or indirect exposure to pigs or contaminated environments.
There have been a total of 50 human cases of influenza A(H1N2)v reported globally since 2005. None of them are related genetically to this strain.
Distinct clade
Influenza A(H1N2)v has not previously been detected in humans in the UK. Human infections with swine influenza viruses occur sporadically.
Based on early information, the infection detected in the UK is a distinct clade (1b.1.1), which is different from recent human cases of influenza A(H1N2) elsewhere in the world but is similar to viruses in UK swine.
The UK health agency is monitoring the situation closely and is taking steps to increase surveillance within existing programmes involving GP surgeries and hospitals in parts of North Yorkshire.
To assist in the detection of cases and assessment of transmission, those people who are contacted and asked to test are encouraged to do so.
People with any respiratory symptoms should continue to follow the existing guidance and avoid contact with other people while symptoms persist, particularly if the people they are coming into contact with are elderly or have existing medical conditions.
2009 pandemic
Meera Chand, Incident Director at UKHSA, said: “This is the first time we have detected this virus in humans in the UK, though it is very similar to viruses that have been detected in pigs.
“We are working rapidly to trace close contacts and reduce any potential spread. In accordance with established protocols, investigations are underway to learn how the individual acquired the infection and to assess whether there are any further associated cases.”
Chief Veterinary Officer, Christine Middlemiss, said high standards of animal health, welfare and biosecurity were important.
“Through our animal and human surveillance systems, we work together to protect everyone. In this case, we are providing specialist veterinary and scientific knowledge to support the UKHSA investigation. Pig keepers must also report any suspicion of swine flu in their herds to their local vet immediately.”
In 2009, there was a pandemic in humans caused by an influenza virus (influenza A H1N1(pdm09)) commonly referred to as ‘swine flu’. That virus contained genetic material from viruses that were circulating in pigs, birds and humans in the 1990s and 2000s.
Influenza A H1N1(pdm09) is now circulating in humans seasonally and is no longer referred to as swine flu. It is distinct from the viruses currently circulating in pigs.
